- Born on January 31, 1953, in Leningrad (now St Petersburg).
- Graduated from the Translation Department of the Philology Faculty of Leningrad State University, and from Higher Courses of the KGB (Minsk).
- 1981–1998: climbed from detective officer of the First Chief Directorate of the KGB to First Deputy Head of a department in the Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia.
- Served on three long missions abroad in Scandinavia and Africa.
- Following the KGB reorganisation, continued his career in the Foreign Intelligence Service and then in the Federal Security Service of Russia.
- August 1998: Deputy FSB Director — Head of Analysis, Forecasting and Strategic Planning.
- November 15, 1999: Secretary of Russia's Security Council; Colonel General (Ret.)
- March 28, 2001: Defence Minister of Russia.
- November 14, 2005: Deputy Prime Minister — Defence Minister of Russia.
- February 16, 2007: appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia.
- May 12, 2008: appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Russia.
- December 22, 2011: appointed Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office.
- August 12, 2016: appointed Special Presidential Representative for Environmental Protection, Ecology and Transport
- Fluent in English and Swedish.