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A significant part of the instructions is aimed at supporting mothers and children, which was the main theme of the Presidential Address. The instructions stipulate that relevant draft laws are submitted to the State Duma. Other instructions deal with promoting modernisation of Russia’s economy, socioeconomic development in the regions and strengthening the country's defence capability.

In particular, the instructions concern the effective use of ‘maternity capital,’ tax benefits for families with many children, the development of pre-school and school education, the improvement of orphanages, the financing of children’s medicine, and the search for and support of gifted children. Instructions were also given to develop a procedure for granting free land for building houses when a third (or subsequent) child is born. In addition, instructions were given concerning the protection of children from abuse.

Some of the instructions concern environmental protection, particularly cleaner production programmes, environmental quality standards, and regular publication of reports on the environmental situation throughout the Russian Federation’s regions.

With regard to the economy, instructions were given concerning the use of budget funds saved along with extra revenues for economic modernisation and regional investment projects. Revenues generated from privatisation of property that local governments do not need for carrying out their duties are to be directed toward modernisation.

President Medvedev also gave instructions to work on the new version of the federal law on placing orders for goods and services for government needs. Another instruction concerns the development of forecast purchase plans for the newest equipment, pharmaceuticals, and other high-tech products for state corporations, and making this information available at a special web portal.

Some instructions concern officials’ responsibility to provide government social services, as well as the participation of non-profit organisations in providing these kinds of services.

A separate instruction concerns the organisation of public discussions of socially significant draft laws.

The President also gave instructions to draft a law on the use of a proportional or mixed election system in municipal parliamentary elections.

Defence officials were instructed to bring the existing air-defence and missile defence system, missile attack warning system, and space tracking system under a single strategic command.