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This law replaces the law of the Russian Federation No. 2446–1 On Security dated March 5, 1992 and takes into account the changes in the nature of the real national and international dangers and threats, and the emergence of fundamentally new challenges in relations with foreign states and alliances. The strategy for international security has also undergone major changes in the years since the previous law was adopted.

The Federal Law defines the basic security principles and sets out the powers of the President, the Federal Assembly, and the Government of the Russian Federation, federal executive government bodies, the functions of regional government bodies and local self-government authorities in the field of security.

In accordance with Article 83 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Law defines the status of the Russian Security Council, its objectives, functions, composition and organisation of its activities.